When to prune?

Formative pruning

The early years:

• In early spring, before the buds open (April), or
• After the leaves have fallen in autumn (September, October)

Subsequently, just after blooming.

Maintenance pruning (Figure 1)

Just after blooming, so as not to interfere with the next year’s blooms.

Deadheading (Figure 2)

Once flowering is finished, before fruit forms.

Rejuvenation pruning (Figure 3)

In early spring (April) or fall (September, October), but never during the growing period.