28. Some important dates in the history of Japanese gardens
The myths and beliefs described by the author of the Sakutei-ki have faded away, but the harmony of Japanese gardens endures.
From 1868... to the present : Modern era
In the gardens
Under Western influence, masses of flowers and lawns sometimes appear.
At this time
The Japanese assert their mastery in the art of creating Japanese gardens.
Their expertise receives international recognition.
1600-1868 : Edo era
In the gardens
Shakkei, or the "borrowed scenery" technique, appears.
At this time
National isolation and rejection of outside influences.
Aesthetic concerns take precedence over religious considerations.
1568-1600 : Azuchi-Momoyama era
In the gardens
Japanese "Renaissance" produces gardens open to their surroundings.
At this time
Gardens attain unparalleled heights of refinement and beauty.
1333-1568 : Muromachi era
In the gardens
Tea gardens and tea pavilions appear.
Dry landscape gardens, associated with Zen monasteries and Shinto sanctuaries, are developed.
At this time
Philosophy and techniques are transmitted orally to the most deserving students.
1185-1333 : Kamakura era
In the gardens
Karesansui-style dry landscape gardens appear.
At this time
Zen Buddhism reaches the Imperial court.
794-1185 : Heian era
In the gardens
The Sakutei-ki, the oldest known treatise on Japanese gardens, describes the values of the shinden zukuri style.
710-794 : 2nd half of Nara era
In the gardens
The Man.yo-shu, a compilation of ancient poems and legends (760), mentions an Imperial garden.
710-794 : 1st half of Nara era
In the gardens
The opulent shinden zukuri style, with Chinese and Buddhist influences, develops.
593-710 : Asuka era
In the gardens
The first gardens appear.
At this time
In 594, an edict from the Emperor declares Buddhism the official religion of Japan.
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