Chapter 3: Heart of an Empire 1699-1763
1)New France became a British colony at the end of which war?
A.The war of the League of Augsburg B.The War of the Spanish Succession C.The War of the Austrian Succession D.The Seven Year War
Comment: New France became a British colony at the end of the fourth intercolonial conflict: the Seven Year War (1756-1763). France was defeated on the Plains of Abraham in 1759, but its fate was sealed by the surrender of Montréal the following year. In fact, Montréal was the last major town to surrender to the British. Source: Jacques Lacoursière, Jean Provencher et Denis Vaugeois, Québec – Canada 1534-2000, Septentrion, 2000.
Source: Jacques Lacoursière, Jean Provencher et Denis Vaugeois, Québec – Canada 1534-2000, Septentrion, 2000.
2)Starting in which year did it become necessary to obtain a government license to trade furs?
A.1665 B.1666 C.1681 D.1701
Comment: Starting in the 1660s, a growing number of French settlers set out on trading expeditions. Until that time, Amerindians had been Montréal merchants’ main suppliers of furs. This trade was not regulated until 1681, when a trading permit system was established. This system was intended to control the ever-increasing number of voyageurs and avoid illicit traffic as much as possible.
Source: Paul-André Linteau, Brève histoire de Montréal , Boréal, 1992.
3)Who was Governor-General of New France at the time of the surrender of Montréal in 1760?
A.Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil B.Louis de Buade de Palluau de Frontenac C.Louis-Hector de Callière D.Charles de Beauharnois de la Boische
Comment: Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil (1698-1778) was the last governor of New France. He took office in 1755, and officially remained governor until September 8, 1760, when he ordered the surrender of Montréal. Frontenac (1622-1698), Callière (1648-1703) and Beauharnois (1671-1749) were all governors of New France at earlier times.
Source: Dictionary of Canadian Biography, www.biographi.ca (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007).
4)Which important event led to the signing of a treaty between the Amerindians and the French in 1701?
A.The Paix des braves B.The Great Peace of Montréal C.The Great Truce of Montréal D.Le temps d’une paix
Comment: On August 4 1701, representatives of 39 Amerindian nations, including the formidable Iroquois League of the Five Nations, signed a peace treaty with France at the Place Royale.This unprecedented agreement, called the Great Peace of Montréal, brought a definite end to the French-Indian wars. Over 1,000 Amerindians participated in the Great Peace of Montréal, which was initiated by Governor Frontenac (1622-1698) and completed under Governor Callière (1648-1703).
Sources: Paul-André Linteau, Brève histoire de Montréal , Boréal, 1992. Dictionary of Canadian Biography, www.biographi.ca (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007). Centre d’histoire de Montréal, Passé composé, 2002.
