Chapter 4: Small French Town 1665-1760
1)Name two characteristics of traditional French architecture:
A.Cut stone walls and carriage entrances B.Fieldstone walls and carriage entrances C.Cut stone walls and flat roofs D.Fieldstone walls and roofs
Comment: French traditional architecture is characterized mainly by fieldstone (or rubble stone) masonry. Cut stone taken from the limestone quarries forming the Island’s substratum appeared later, in the 19th century. Another distinctive aspect of this type of architecture was sloped, or pitched roofs, often pierced by dormer windows. The flat roofs so common in Montréal today became widespread only around 1850. Traditional French architecture was gradually supplanted by British styles after 1830. Sources: François Rémillard et Brian Merrett, L'architecture de Montréal : guide des styles et des bâtiments, Les éditions du Méridien, 1990.
Sources: François Rémillard et Brian Merrett, L'architecture de Montréal : guide des styles et des bâtiments, Les éditions du Méridien, 1990.
2)What was the population of Montréal in 1663?
A.50 B.200 C.450 D.600
Comment: Montréal’s population remained stagnant over a long period. There were fifty settlers in Montréal at the time of its founding in 1642: ten years later, its population had still not changed! The situation improved the following decade when Paul Chomedey Sieur de Maisonneuve brought over a hundred new colonists from France in 1653. This initiative, known as the Grande Recrue, led to a spectacular rise in population, culminating in 1663 with 600 inhabitants.
Sources: Marcel Langlois, Montréal 1653. La Grande Recrue, Septentrion, 2003.
3)Where did Montrealers attend public punishments under the French regime?
A.Place d’Armes B.Place du Marché C.Place Jacques-Cartier D.Champ-de-Mars
Comment: Place du Marché, now known as the Place Royale, was originally used as a common, and the site of the annual summer fur market. In 1676, as seigneurs of the Island of Montréal, the Sulpicians set aside part of this common to be used as a public marketplace. This was officialised by decree in 1706. At the heart of harbour activity, Place du Marché was a central meeting-place. Its inns and taverns welcomed a mixed crowd of habitants, or residents, sailors and travellers. Public executions and military manœuvres were also held at the Place du Marché until 1721, when they were moved to the site of present-day Place d’Armes.
Sources: Official site of Old Montréal, «Le patrimoine en détail», old.montreal.qc.ca (site visité le 20 janvier 2007).
4)Two hospitals existed under the French regime. What were their names?
A.The Hôtel-Dieu and the Hôpital général B.The Hôtel-Dieu and the Hôpital Notre-Dame C.The Hôpital général and the Hôpital Notre-Dame D.The Hôpital Notre-Dame and the Hôpital Sainte-Justine
Comment: The Hôtel-Dieu and the old Hôpital général were the only hospitals founded under the French Regime. The Hôtel-Dieu, the city’s first hospital, was founded in 1645 by Jeanne Mance (1606-1673). An initiative of François Charon de La Barre (1654-1719), the Hôpital général was built in 1693 to minister to the needy such as the aged and the mentally handicapped, making it more of a hospice than a medical hospital.
Sources: Official site of Old Montréal, «Le patrimoine en détail», old.montreal.qc.ca (site visité le 20 janvier 2007). Guy Pinard, Montréal : son histoire, son architecture. Méridien, Tome2, 1988 et Tome 3, 1989.
