Chapter 5: Conquered City 1760-1800
1)After the Conquest in 1760, French-Canadian fur traders were replaced mainly by merchants of what origin?
A.English B.Irish C.American D. Scottish
Comment: Although the English, Irish and Americans were active in the fur trade, the Scots gradually took control of this commerce as early as the end of the 18th century, with the creation of the North West Company. The Scots settled in Canada mainly between 1770 and 1815. The fur trade allowed many, including James McGill (1744-1813) and Simon McTavish (1750-1804), to amass large fortunes. Later, the Scots would contribute to the development of other commercial activities in Canada, such as wood exports and the railways. Sources: Paul-André Linteau, Brève histoire de Montréal , Boréal, 1992. Dictionary of Canadian Biography, www.biographi.ca (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007). Encyclopédie canadienne, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007).
Sources: Paul-André Linteau, Brève histoire de Montréal , Boréal, 1992. Dictionary of Canadian Biography, www.biographi.ca (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007). Encyclopédie canadienne, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007).
2)In which year was the Québec Act declared?
A.1760 B.1774 C.1776 D.1792
Comment: The Québec Act was officially proclaimed on June 22, 1774. In addition to defining the frontiers of the Province of Québec, it guaranteed religious freedom for French Canadians as well as the use of French civil law. Many interpret this law as Britain’s way of ensuring French-Canadian loyalty to the Crown in the eventuality of a conflict with New England.
Source: Jacques Lacoursière, Jean Provencher et Denis Vaugeois, Québec – Canada 1534-2000, Septentrion, 2000
3)What was the main fur-trading company after 1821?
A.The Compagnie des Cent associés B.The North West Company C.The Hudson’s Bay Company D.None of the above
Comment: The Hudson’s Bay Company was founded in 1670 under British auspices. It was France’s main competitor in the fur trade. Starting in 1776, however, it met with strong competition from a British firm, the North West Company. Following a fierce struggle and prolonged negotiations, The Hudson’s Bay Company absorbed its rival. The Hudson’s Bay Company, now a department store, is one of Canada’s oldest companies.
Sources: Paul-André Linteau, Brève histoire de Montréal , Boréal, 1992. Encyclopédie canadienne, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007).
4)In which year were the faubourgs, or suburbs, integrated into city limits?
Comment: As the population increased, the faubourgs outside the city’s walls expanded. They were concentrated near the main gates: to the East, the Faubourg Québec, to the West, the Faubourg des Récollets, and to the North, the Faubourg Saint-Laurent. Declared on July 8, 1721, an ordinance obliging stone construction inside the city’s fortifications also contributed to the rapid development of the faubourgs, where wood construction was still allowed. The faubourgs became part of Montréal in 1792, when city limits were re-defined at 100 chaînes (2,011 metres) from the fortifications.
Sources: Paul-André Linteau, Brève histoire de Montréal , Boréal, 1992. Official site of Old Montréal, «Le patrimoine en détail», old.montreal.qc.ca (site visité le 20 janvier 2007).
