Chapter 9: North-American City 1914-1929
1)Which Populist was elected Mayor of Montréal in 1914?
A.Louis-Arsène Lavallée B.Médéric Martin C.Charles Duquette D.Camillien Houde
Comment: Médéric Martin was born in Montréal on January 22, 1869. Raised in modest surroundings, he was a self-made man typical of his times who built a comfortable fortune through cigar manufacturing. First elected as a city councillor, he was mayor of Montréal from 1914 to 1924 and then from 1926 to 1928. His time as mayor was coloured by many sponsorship and corruption scandals. Among other things, it was during his mandate—from 1918 to 1921—that the City of Montréal was put under trusteeship by the government. He died at Pont Viau (Laval) on June 12, 1946. Sources: Ville de Montréal. Section des archives, La démocratie à Montréalaise exhibit , www.ville.montreal.qc.ca/archives (site visité le 2 février 2007).
Sources: Ville de Montréal. Section des archives, La démocratie à Montréalaise exhibit , www.ville.montreal.qc.ca/archives (site visité le 2 février 2007).
2)Perched on Mount Royal, I am an institution that underwent significant development during this period. What am I?
A.Collège Villa-Maria B.The Chalet on Mount Royal C.The Université de Montréal D.Saint-Joseph's Oratory
Comment: The Université de Montréal opened in 1878 as the Montréal branch of Université Laval. Its buildings were first located in Old Montréal, then, starting in 1895, on Rue Saint-Denis. On February 14, 1920, a provincial law granted it status as an independent university. Eight years later, construction of the university’s current main building began on Mount Royal. The plans were entrusted to Ernest Cormier and construction, which was interrupted during the Depression, was completed in 1942. The inauguration of the pavilion took place on June 3rd of the following year.
Sources: Official site of the Université de Montréal, http://www.umontreal.ca/ (site visité le 28 janvier 2007). Official site of Division des archives de l’Université de Montréal, www.archiv.umontreal.ca/ (site visité le 28 janvier 2007
3)In which year did the federal government impose obligatory military?
A.1914 B.1915 C.1916 D.1917
Comment: On August 29, 1917, the federal government adopted Robert Borden’s Military Service Act. As overseas military manpower constantly declined, this law made military service obligatory for all unmarried men or widowers without children between the ages of 20 and 35. This measure sparked vicious tensions between English-speakers, who favoured the draft, and their French-speaking counterparts, who were fiercely opposed to it. In the end, however, the draft failed in both camps: of 401,882 draftable men, only 124,588 enrolled.
Sources: Jacques Lacoursière, Jean Provencher et Denis Vaugeois, Québec – Canada 1534-2000, Septentrion, 2000. Encyclopédie canadienne, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com (page consultée le 20 janvier 2007).
4)What means of public transit brought workers downtown during this period?
A.Omnibus B.Electric tramway C.Horse-drawn tramway D.Bus
Comment: In 1892, the arrival of the electric tramway in Montréal favoured the development of neighbourhoods in the northern end of the city. With this new means of transportation, workers could finally move further away from the factories to residential neighbourhoods with more green space. They also used the trams to move about town, especially to get downtown easily. The electric tramway replaced animal-drawn tramways, which had been used between 1861 and 1894. Gradually, the electric tramways were in turn replaced by buses, and stopped running all together in 1959.
Sources: Centre d’histoire de Montréal, Montréal Clic, no 3, ville.montreal.qc.ca/chm (page consultée le 27 janvier 2007). Jacques Pharand, À la belle époque des tramways : voyage nostalgique dans le passé. Éditions de l’homme, 1997.
